Showing posts with label Collected Stories. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Collected Stories. Show all posts

Sunday, June 14, 2026

20th Anniversary - China



I first discovered the blogosphere back in the early 2000s, thanks to a talk by one of my Academic colleagues, poet and political scientist A/Prof Grant Duncan.

I’d been planning for quite a while to transfer - or at least record - at least some of my literary activities onto the internet, but had really only thought of setting up a personal website, like so many other writers back then.

In pursuit of this aim, I’d taken a couple of short courses in web design, and had concluded that there was more to it than met the eye. In particular, I discovered that you could invest a lot of time and money in something which might easily turn out not to suit your needs at all if you weren’t careful.

In particular, I wasn’t keen on paying some expert to set up a site which I was unable to update myself on a regular basis.

Grant spoke of his various experiments with blogs: how flexible they could be – and, in particular, how easy to edit. He’d found them valuable both for posting his own work, and - since one could limit the audience, or even make them completely private - had seen how easily they could be adapted for graduate students to share work with their supervisor/s.


André Malraux: Le Musée imaginaire. Psychologie de l’art, I (1947)


Free – flexible – easy to edit … all that was music to my ears. I asked him a few questions after the talk, and had another, longer chat with him about it later. The result, a few weeks later, was my very first blog - this one - The Imaginary Museum (14/6/2006- ). It was named after a novel I'd just published, The Imaginary Museum of Atlantis (Titus Books, 2006), parts of which were set out in a kind of proto-hypertext.

Eventually I ended up adapting what had started off as a poetry blog into one concerned almost exclusively with my twin hobbies of bibliography and book-collecting. There was a further site devoted to a catalogue of my book collection, and another one that chronicled my own publications and other activities.

As well as that, I started to build individual websites for each of the writing courses I was teaching at Massey University, along with companion sites where I could anthologise work from the students in those courses (with their permission, of course).

And so it's gone on to this day, some twenty years later.

In the process I became pretty familiar with basic html code, and was thus able to reproduce reasonably complex texts when I needed to. For the most part, though, it remains a way of commenting on and recording things in an easy and accessible way.

This, then, is the fourth five-yearly report I've published about the progress of this experiment in online publishing. Each time I've highlighted five major web projects undertaken in the years in between.
  1. [14/6/2021]: Fifteenth Anniversary (Crystal)
  2. [14/6/2016]: Tenth Anniversary (Tin)
  3. [15/6/2011]: Fifth Anniversary (Wood)
Here's the latest crop of projects:




    2021:



  1. (January 19 - October 18, 2021) Michele 2021: A Birthday Festschrift for Michele Joy Leggott.

  2. Dear Jack,

    Please accept this piece - 1000 words exactly, plus title and sign-off details - for the celebration confabulation you are creating for Michele, with deep thanks for your care and work making this event happen.
    With fond respect,

    - Lisa Samuels. "Email to Jack Ross" (11/9/2021)

    I've always liked the idea of an Academic Festschrift, or collection of celebratory essays and pieces to celebrate the achievements of a writer or researcher at some watershed moment in their career: often - as in this case - on their retirement from Academia.

    In the case of the multi-talented poet, cultural historian, and literary critic Prof Michele Leggott, it seemed best to go for an online format, rather than a more conventional mode of publication, given her longtime involvement as co-founder and editor of the New Zealand Electronic Poetry Centre, or nzepc.

    While it might have seemed more appropriate to house it on that website, for secrecy's sake it seemed better to construct my own festschrift site in private. I don't know if we were successful in keeping it entirely confidential before it was revealed and made public on her 65th birthday on October 18th, 2021. I certainly hope so.





    2022:



  3. (June 2, 2022 - October 29, 2023) Jack Ross: Stories.

  4. You are a male Scheherazade! ('Talking against death'! yep that sums our craft up in three brutal words...)

    - Tracey Slaughter. "Email to Jack Ross" (14/2/2024)

    While I was in the early stages of compiling the pieces which would eventually turn into my latest book of short stories, Haunts, I decided to try to straighten out all the myriad drafts I'd accumulated by pasting them up online. As it turned out, that didn't help me much, but it did provide the kernel for a larger Stories site which has now grown to include the texts of all my published fiction to date - with the exception of the three novels in my R.E.M. trilogy, each of which already has one (or more) websites dedicated to it:

    1. Nights with Giordano Bruno (2000)
    2. The Imaginary Museum of Atlantis (2006)
      1. Who am I? Automatic Writing
      2. Where am I? Cuttings
    3. E M O (2008)
      1. EVA AVE
      2. Moons of Mars
      3. Ovid in Otherworld

    I ended up with 59 stories, ranging in length from novellas to flash fictions, from seven different publications:

    1. Monkey Miss Her Now & Everything a Teenage Girl Should Know. ISBN 0-476-00182-X. Auckland: Danger Publishing, 2004. [13 short stories]
    2. Trouble in Mind. ISBN 0-9582586-1-9. Auckland: Titus Books, 2005. [novella]
    3. Kingdom of Alt. ISBN 978-1-877441-15-8. Auckland: Titus Books, 2010. [8 short stories]
    4. The Annotated Tree Worship: Draft Research Portfolio. ISBN 978-0-473-41328-6. Auckland: Paper Table, 2017. [novella]
    5. The Annotated Tree Worship: List of Topoi. ISBN 978-0-473-41329-3. Auckland: Paper Table, 2017. [novella]
    6. Ghost Stories. ISBN 978-0-9951165-5-9. 99% Press. Auckland: Lasavia Publishing, 2019. [12 short stories]
    7. Haunts. ISBN 978-1-991083-17-3. 99% Press. Auckland: Lasavia Publishing, 2024. [13 short stories]

    Along with my Opinions site ("Essays, Interviews, Introductions & Reviews - 1987 to the present"), and the Poems site listed below, this collects pretty much everything I've written (or rather, published) to date which I want to preserve.



    NB: When you visit this site, the warning above is the first thing you'll see (the same applies to the Poems and EMO sites listed below).

    The reason for this is because some of my poems and stories contain swear words and bad language of various types, and I've noticed in the past that this tends to get flagged by roving web editors.

    I therefore decided to mark these three sites (along with the other novel sites, Nights with Giordano Bruno and The Imaginary Museum of Atlantis as containing "Adult content", which means that this warning will be shown to all potential blog readers, who will then be forced to log in with their Google ID to verify their age and status.

    True, this will certainly have the result of reducing the number of clicks on each website, but it will also make it harder for the idle and unmotivated to reach these works - not necessarily a bad thing. After all, I don't want to make things too easy for potential hackers. Bona fide readers remain more than welcome, though.





    2023:



  5. (May 27, 2023-April 2024) Jack Ross: Poems

  6. I love all three poems! Love so much - but I especially love ‘Experimental’. i will post that.

    - Paula Green. "Email to Jack Ross" (12/4/2024)

    Like the Stories site listed above, this one began as a repository of a large group of 101 linked poems I was working on as a sequence. Once again, putting them up online did not prove particularly helpful to the process of revising and making sense of them, but it did give me the idea of supplementing them with the texts of the six full-length - but now mostly, alas, out-of-print - poetry collections I've published over the years:

    1. City of Strange Brunettes. ISBN 0-473-05446-9. Auckland: Pohutukawa Press, 1998.
    2. Chantal’s Book. ISBN 0-473-08744-8. Wellington: HeadworX, 2002.
    3. To Terezín. Afterword by Martin Edmond. Social and Cultural Studies, 8. ISSN 1175-7132. Auckland: Massey University, 2007.
    4. Celanie: Poems & Drawings after Paul Celan. by Jack Ross & Emma Smith, with an Afterword by Bronwyn Lloyd. ISBN 978-0-473-22484-4. Auckland: Pania Press, 2012.
    5. A Clearer View of the Hinterland: Poems & Sequences 1981-2014. ISBN 978-0-473-29640-7. Wellington: HeadworX, 2014.
    6. The Oceanic Feeling. Drawings by Katharina Jaeger. Afterword by Bronwyn Lloyd. ISBN 978-0-473-55801-7. Auckland: Salt & Greyboy Press, 2021.

    While I was at it, I thought that it might be a good idea to add some of the chapbooks I'd published over the same period:

    1. Ezra Pound’s Fascist Cantos (72 & 73) together with Rimbaud’s “Poets at Seven Years Old.” Translated by Jack Ross. Auckland: Perdrix Press, 1997.
    2. A Town Like Parataxis. Photographs by Gabriel White. ISBN 0-473-07104-5. Auckland: Perdrix Press, 2000.
    3. The Perfect Storm. Video by Gabriel White. ISBN 0-473-07350-1. Auckland: Perdrix Press, 2000.
    4. The Britney Suite. Auckland: Perdrix Press, 2001.
    5. A Bus Called Mr Nice Guy. ISBN 0-473-10526-8. Auckland: Perdrix Press, 2005.
    6. Love in Wartime. Wellington: Pania Press, 2006.
    7. Papyri: Love poems & fragments from Sappho & elsewhere. ISBN 978-0-473-12397-0. Auckland: Soapbox Press, 2007.
    8. The Return of the Vanishing New Zealander. ISBN 978-0-9864507-6-1. Dunedin: Kilmog Press, 2009.
    9. Scenes from The Puppet Oresteia. Artwork by William T. Ayton. ISBN 978-0-473-18881-8. Rhinebeck, NY: Narcissus Press / Auckland: Perdrix Press, 2011.
    10. Fallen Empire: Museum of True History in Collaboration with Karl Chitham and Jack Ross. Dunedin: Blue Oyster Art Project Space, 2012.

    There turned out to be quite a few other poems I'd written and published during these decades, though, so I thought for the sake of utility I should probably include those, too:

    1. Collage Poems (1997-2005)
    2. Poems from Novels (2000-2008)
    3. Poems from Stories (2004-2019)
    4. Tree Worship (2011-2012)
    5. Tales from the 101 Days (2022-2024)

    Which left me with a final grab-bag category of published but uncollected poems, which I decided to group chronologically:

    1. Poems: 1981-1999
    2. Poems: 2000-2004
    3. Poems: 2005-2009
    4. Poems: 2010-2015
    5. Poems: 2016-2024

    I'm not sure I'd recommend this approach to anyone else. I was inspired by Peter Simpson and Margaret Edgcumbe's online edition of Kendrick Smithyman's Collected Poems 1943-1995. If I'd had any idea of just how much work it would be, though, I'd probably have contented myself with my old MSWord files.




    NB: When you visit this site, the warning above is the first thing you'll see (the same applies to the Stories site above and the EMO site below).

    The reason for this is because some of my poems and stories contain swear words and bad language of various types, and I've noticed in the past that this tends to get flagged by roving web editors.

    I therefore decided to mark these three sites (along with the other novel sites as containing "Adult content", which means that this warning will be shown to all potential blog readers, who will then be forced to log in with their Google ID to verify their age and status.

    True, this will certainly have the result of reducing the number of clicks on each website, but it will also make it harder for the idle and unmotivated to reach these works - not necessarily a bad thing. After all, I don't want to make things too easy for potential hackers. Bona fide readers remain more than welcome, though.





    2024:


    EVA AVE (2006)

  7. (November 27, 2023 - May 2, 2024) E M O: EVA AVE / Moons of Mars / Ovid in Otherworld (27/11/23-2/5/24)


  8. ... this is a book which isn’t satisfied with being self-contained. It reaches beyond its own covers, beyond its author, inviting you into one of the great endangered pleasures of literature – which is the sense of its endlessness, the way one book can open another book for you, like a friend giving you a private gift; perhaps the key to a room you can now share – a room, of course, which would have many other doors.

    - Jen Crawford. "Launch speech at Alleluya cafe" (19/6/2008)
    The original idea of writing a novel in blog form came to me shortly after I started The Imaginary Museum in mid-2006. E M O, a novel consisting of three self-contained blogs, and eventually printed in palimpsest form, with other texts printed faintly underneath, was the result of this train of thought.

    1. EVA AVE (15/8/06-3/9/07)
    2. Moons of Mars (16/8/06-3/9/07)
    3. Ovid in Otherworld (15/8/06-3/9/07)

    The three original blogs are (at present, at least) still extant on the internet, but I no longer have any access to them. My passwords no longer work, so they remain there as untouchable fossils.

    With this in mind, it occurred to me that it might be as well to copy them to a more manageable site, which I do have access to, as part of the larger exercise of straightening out the fiction and poetry I've put up online at various times, in various places. This new site, E M O, is more or less a simulacrum of the original sites, but with the addition of a bibliography and chronology of the original publication.




    When you visit the new site, this warning is the first thing you'll see. The same applies to the Stories and Poems sites listed above.

    The reason for this is because a number of my poems and stories contain swear words and bad language of various types, and I've noticed in the past that this tends to get flagged by roving web editors.

    I therefore decided to mark these three sites (along with the other novel sites, Nights with Giordano Bruno and The Imaginary Museum of Atlantis as containing "Adult content", which means that this warning will be shown to all potential blog readers, who will then be forced to log in with their Google ID to verify their age and status.

    True, this will certainly have the result of reducing the number of clicks on each website, but it will also make it harder for the idle and unmotivated to reach these works - not necessarily a bad thing. After all, I don't want to make things too easy for potential hackers. Bona fide readers remain more than welcome, though.







    2025:



  9. (August 20, 2012 - June 5, 2026) Acquisitions & Discoveries

  10. A marvellous post Jack, and one I am sharing. Your comments about Waley made me think, as I had later dismissed his translations. I shouldn’t have. There are two aims in translation, (1) being as true as possible to the original text and (2) capturing the intent/essence. The two are often in conflict. I like what Eco said about contemporary translation. It should be a negotiation between author and translator, producing two books. The Nobel winner Olga Tokzrczuk said the same, refusing to accept her Booker and Nobel unless her Flights translator was a co-recipient. There’s lots to dig into with The Monkey King - thank you for the prompt and for finding those threads.

    - John Fenton. "Comment on Acquisitions (95): Journey to the West" (9/7/2023)

    Since June 2010, I've maintained an online catalogue of my book collection called A Gentle Madness. It provides details of each book I own, as well as a note of its location. A couple of years in, I decided I needed a space for short bibliographical essays on some of my more interesting purchases. At first it was a single webpage, entitled "Acquisitions", but eventually it grew far beyond those bounds. I only made 11 entries in the first two years I had it, 2012-13, but after that it was 2016 before I revived it again. Since January 2018, though, I've put up 127 separate posts on subjects ranging from World War I poets to my favourite Bibles. Each one is suggested by a particular title or author I've been reading (or collecting).

    It's a more bibliographically focussed set of essays than the more journalistic ones that appear on this site, The Imaginary Museum. There's a certain amount of overlap between the subjects treated on the two websites, though. You can find a convenient index of all the authors and subjects dealt with (to date) on one or other of these sites on this Bibliography page.




I guess I've rather given up on prognostications for the future of this blog - or any other literary enterprises I'm presently engaged in. Sleepwalking seems the best description of the way we're all forced to be these days. Perhaps we'll come through the present set of crises substantially intact; perhaps we won't.

The job remains the same, though - as the great cosmologist Johannes Kepler put it in the middle of the Thirty Years War:
While the storm rages and the state is threatened by shipwreck, let us lower the anchor of our peaceful studies into the ground of eternity.

Matthias Bernegger: Johannes Kepler (1627)





Tuesday, June 17, 2025

Jack Ross: Stories


Simon Creasey: Coromandel (2005)

Preface

'Talking against death'! yep that sums our craft up
in three brutal words
..."
- Tracey Slaughter. Email to Jack Ross (14/2/2024)


While I was in the early stages of compiling the pieces which would eventually turn into my latest book of stories, Haunts (2024), I decided to try to straighten out all the myriad drafts I'd accumulated by pasting them up online.

As it turned out, that didn't help me much (if at all), but it did provide the kernel for a larger Stories site which has now grown to include the texts of all my published short fiction to date - with the exception of my three novels, each of which already has one (or more) websites dedicated to it.

Like the earlier Poems site, then, to which this is intended as a companion,

contains the texts of all three novellas and four short fiction collections I've published so far. It's almost a year since Haunts was launched for sale online (well in advance of the actual physical booklaunch on Saturday, 5th October), so it seems like an appropriate time to share its contents with any of you who'd like to sample the text before buying a copy.

Before outlining the content of the site, though, I thought I'd better say some more about its structure.


The first thing you see, if you click on this link, will be the warning above.

After you've clicked on the orange "I understand and I wish to continue" button, you'll be taken to the following page:


This should give you full access to the site.

The reason for all this is because some of the stories do contain swear words and sexually explicit material, and I've found in the past that this tends to attract the attention of roving web editors, who red flag and - in some cases - simply take down any pages which offend in this way.

I've therefore decided to mark both this and my Poems site - as well with those devoted to the three novels in my R.E.M. trilogy - as containing "Adult content":

    Jack Ross: Nights with Giordano Bruno (2000)


  1. Nights with Giordano Bruno. ISBN 0-9582225-0-9. Wellington: Bumper Books, 2000. [xii] + 224.


  2. The Imaginary Museum of Atlantis. ISBN 0-9582586-8-6 . Auckland: Titus Books, 2006. 164 pp.
    1. Who am I? Automatic Writing
    2. Where am I? Cuttings

  3. Jack Ross: E M O (2008)


  4. E M O. ISBN 978-1-877441-07-3. Auckland: Titus Books, 2008. [vi] + 258 pp.
    1. EVA AVE
    2. Moons of Mars
    3. Ovid in Otherworld
This "sensitive content" gateway will, unfortunately, have to be renegotiated every time you access any of these sites. No doubt this will have the effect of reducing the number of visits to each of them, but it also increases the level of dedication needed to get there - not in itself a bad thing. Bona fide readers are always welcome.

Here, then, is a breakdown of the contents of my new fiction website. At present it contains 59 stories, ranging in length from novellas to flash fictions, taken from seven books:




    Jack Ross: Monkey Miss Her Now (2004)


  1. Monkey Miss Her Now & Everything a Teenage Girl Should Know. ISBN 0-476-00182-X. Auckland: Danger Publishing, 2004. 138 pp. [13 short stories]

  2. Jack Ross: Trouble in Mind (2005)


  3. Trouble in Mind. ISBN 0-9582586-1-9. Auckland: Titus Books, 2005. [ii] + 102 pp. [single novella]

  4. Jack Ross: Kingdom of Alt (2010)


  5. Kingdom of Alt. ISBN 978-1-877441-15-8. Auckland: Titus Books, 2010. [iv] + 240 pp. [8 short stories]


  6. The Annotated Tree Worship: Draft Research Portfolio. ISBN 978-0-473-41328-6. Paper Table Novellas. Auckland: Paper Table, 2017. iv + 88 pp. [first of 2 novellas]


  7. The Annotated Tree Worship: List of Topoi. ISBN 978-0-473-41329-3. Paper Table Novellas. Auckland: Paper Table, 2017. iv + 94 pp. [second of 2 novellas]

  8. Jack Ross: Ghost Stories (2019)


  9. Ghost Stories. ISBN 978-0-9951165-5-9. 99% Press. Auckland: Lasavia Publishing, 2019. 140 pp. [12 short stories]

  10. Jack Ross: Haunts (2024)


  11. Haunts. ISBN 978-1-991083-17-3. 99% Press. Auckland: Lasavia Publishing, 2024. 202 pp. [13 short stories]






Jack Ross: Stories (1996- )


Along with my Opinions site ("Essays, Interviews, Introductions & Reviews - 1987 to the present"), and the already available Poems, this showcases pretty much all of the work I've published to date. Enjoy!




Wednesday, December 02, 2009

Carver by Name ...


[6 - Raymond Carver: Collected Stories (2009)]

The question is, can you over-edit? The exhibit, Beginners, the first draft of the book eventually published as What We Talk About When We Talk About Love (1981), by Raymond Carver.

It was a largely academic question until the inclusion of both collections in Carver's Collected Stories in the magisterial Library of America series earlier this year. Most readers had never had the chance to compare the two before, and the discrepancy turns out to be pretty remarkable.

Carver's close friend and editor, Gordon Lish (who liked to refer to himself modestly as "Mr. Fiction"), cut the text of his draft by an estimated 55%. Most of the stories lost substantial amounts of text, some lost over half of it. In one case in particular, "A Small, Good Thing," over 75% of Carver's words hit the cutting-room floor.

And this was no subtle Ezra-Pound-carving-a-new-poem-out-of-Eliot's-Waste-Land-drafts business, either. This was Carver's second major book of stories, not his first - and a good many of the stories in it had already appeared, or were slated to appear, in major periodicals.

Nor was Carver exactly overjoyed when he finally got around to examining Lish's revisions in detail. He wrote him a letter - reprinted in full by the Library of America editors [pp. 992-96] - which is among the most anguished literary cris-de-coeur I've ever come across. He said:

I’ll tell you the truth, my very sanity is on the line here. I don't want to sound melodramatic here, but I've come back from the grave here to start writing stories once more ... Now, I'm afraid, mortally afraid, I feel it, that if the book were to be published as it is in its present edited form, I may never write another story, that's how closely, God Forbid, some of those stories are to my sense of regaining my health and mental well-being.
...
I'm confused, tired, paranoid, and afraid, yes, of the consequences for me if the collection came out in its present form. So help me, please, yet again. Don't please, make this too hard for me, for I'm just likely to start coming unraveled knowing how I've displeased and disappointed you. God Almighty, Gordon. ...

But then he also said:

I see what it is that you’ve done, what you’ve pulled out of it, and I’m awed and astonished, startled even, with your insights.

In any case, Lish paid little attention. "My sense of it was that there was a letter and that I just went ahead," he said in an interview long afterwards. He knew he was right (as Anthony Trollope might have put it). So the book appeared as he wanted it to, not as Carver did. And the rest is history. It's worth noting that Carver never allowed Lish to do much more than correct accidentals in his subsequent books, though. Also that he insisted on reprinting something closer to the original text of "A Small, Good Thing" in his next collection, Cathedral (1983).

The hero-editor is, of course, a familiar figure in American letters. Carver even refers to the most famous example, Maxwell Perkins, editor to F. Scott Fitzgerald and Thomas Wolfe, in his letter to Lish ("You are a wonder, a genius ... better than any of two of Max Perkins, etc. etc."). Hero-publishers certainly exist in the rest of the English-speaking world (Allen Lane, Victor Gollancz, Peter Owen), even hero publisher's readers (Edward Garnett, T. S. Eliot), but not so much editors. I think perhaps that the rest of us assume that writers can, by and large, write. They may need some guidance in the timing and direction of their work, and certainly in matters of marketing, but for the rest I think we like to feel that (with a few exceptions) they have at least some overall sense of what they're doing.

And that, by and large, seems to be the way the story is being written in the various reviews of Collected Stories (and its UK counterpart, Beginners, an edition of the first-draft stories on their own, with an introduction by Carver's wife and literary executor Tess Gallagher). "When Good Editors Go Bad" is the title of one of the most forthright of these pieces, but by extension it could cover most of the rest - poor simple alcoholic Ray was deceived by a wily New York editor into putting his name to a book he never wrote.

I have a rather higher opinion of Carver than that. In fact, I suppose my interest in this issue follows on naturally from my fascination with him. I wouldn't call myself an obsessive collector of his work, but purely for practical reasons I've been forced to acquire quite a number of books simply in order to read him in full. For so short-lived and late-blossoming a writer, he does seem to have left behind an unusually tangled literary legacy.

Here's a (partial) list of the books I've had to gather to date in order to make some sense of it all:

[2 - The Stories of Raymond Carver (1985)]


  1. Carver, Raymond. Fires: Essays, Poems, Stories. 1985. Harvill. London: HarperCollins, 1994.

  2. Carver, Raymond. The Stories of Raymond Carver: Will You Please Be Quiet, Please?; What We Talk About When We Talk About Love; Cathedral. 1976, 1981 & 1983. London: Picador, 1985.

  3. Carver, Raymond. Where I’m Calling From: The Selected Stories. 1988. London: The Harvill Press, 1993.

  4. Carver, Raymond. All of Us: The Collected Poems. 1996. London: The Harvill Press, 1997.

  5. Carver, Raymond. Call If You Need Me: The Uncollected Fiction and Prose. Ed. William L. Stull. Foreword by Tess Gallagher. 1996. London: The Harvill Press, 1997.

  6. Carver, Raymond. Collected Stories. Ed. William L. Stull & Maureen P. Carroll. The Library of America, 195. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, Inc., 2009.




[3 - Raymond Carver: Where I'm Calling From (1988)]

The crucial exhibit here is no. 2: The Stories of Raymond Carver, a never-reprinted and now virtually-unobtainable British reprint of the full text of his first three major books of stories (with the exception of the small-press Furious Seasons). Since 1988, when Carver's selected stories (no. 3) appeared, most people have been reading that text instead, supplemented by the extra material included in no. 5, thus obscuring the nature and integrity of the actual collections which appeared during his lifetime.

William L. Stull and Maureen P. Carroll, the editors of Carver's Collected Poems (no. 4), his Uncollected Fiction and Prose (no. 5), and now his Collected Stories (no. 6), have made the interesting decision not to repeat the small revisions (largely, they say, of accidentals and nomenclature) included in the 1988 Selected Stories. Instead, they reprint (for the most part) the major collections, though sometimes (especially in the case of Furious Seasons) with excisions to avoid repeating material included in the three main books.

So what? you say. Who is Raymond Carver that we should pay so much attention to the dates and circumstances of his work's appearance? Well, it does make a difference, I'm afraid. The evolution from Will You Please Be Quiet, Please (1976), also edited by Gordon Lish, to What We Talk About When We Talk About Love [WWTAWWTAL, for short] is very marked, but it's largely obscured by the complete rearrangement of the material in Where I'm Calling From. I don't think it's too much of an exaggeration to say that it was the 1981 book that made him a star- not that the lustre didn't reflect backwards and forwards onto the rest of his work - and that it was the brutal, uncompromising terseness of the stories included in WWTAWWTAL that had the greatest effect on his contemporaries.

[Robert Altman, dir.: Short Cuts (1993)]

Take the 1993 Carver-based movie Short Cuts, for instance. The very title gives us a clue as to how Robert Altman, at least, interpreted Carver's stories. And his opinion was an influential one, given the subsequent appearance of a book reprinting the stories on which the film was based, together with an introduction by the director. Would that movie ever have been made if Carver had had his wish and published, instead of WWTAWWTAL, some lightly-edited version of the book Beginners? Permit me to doubt it.

That's not to say that Lish was justified in performing such radical surgery on Carver's book without the author's permission, but it is important to note just how desperately obscure, depressed and terminally alcoholic Carver looked at that moment. To put it mildly, he didn't seem in the best state to make meaningful decisions about his future. That's how Lish saw it, at any rate, and - until now - posterity has largely confirmed his judgement. The fact remains that the book did make a sensation, and that sensation was at least to some extent due to the stories' refusal to resolve and flesh themselves out in a conventional way.

Carver, to be sure, went on developing as a writer. He gave full rein to the more sympathetic, Chekhovian side of his art in Cathedral (1983), probably his best book, and the one which represents him most fully. But by then he'd cleaned up his act, was in a new relationship, a successful, internationally-feted author.

Don't get me wrong. I'm not saying that Lish's editing processes shouldn't be scrutinised carefully. Nor am I sorry that Stull and Carroll's meticulous new edition has given us the tools to do so. I just feel that this controversy should not be over-simplified. Beginners, I feel - and it can only be an opinion - would not have seized the attention of critics (and other writers) the way WWTAWWTAL did. It would not have given rise to "dirty realism" or "minimalism" or whatever you want to call the literary movement which Carver's work was said to have inspired.

This is, I believe, a debate which could (and perhaps should) run and run. How much cutting and editing is too much? How long is a piece of string? No single, universally-applicable answer is possible, hence the usefulness of test cases such as this. I'd hate to have Gordon Lish on my team, to tell the truth, but having your collected stories officially declared "classics", part of the permanent record of your national literature, within a scant twenty years of your death is no mean feat. Denying Lish his part in that triumph would be churlish - worse, it would involve falsifying the true nature of Carver's legacy.

The poet in Raymond Carver will continue to be read and loved, I'm sure - but the landscape of his stories remains as stark as the surface of the moon. They'll always be a hard pill to swallow. Lish was, I feel, correct in seeing a "peculiar bleakness" in them. His gift to posterity lies in helping us to see there was something there we needed - something, finally, we just couldn't do without.


[5 - Raymond Carver: Call if You Need Me (1997)]